鎳鎘電池和鎳氫電池和(he)鋰電池(chi)是(shi)目前最流行的三種電池(chi)品(pin)種，那(nei)么這三者的區別在(zai)于(yu)哪呢？以下來說明一(yi)下。

鎳鎘電池（Nicad）

鎳鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)非常(chang)堅固。它們(men)適(shi)合在極端環境中工(gong)作，例如(ru)寒(han)冷(leng)或炎熱(re)的(de)(de)天(tian)氣。它們(men)的(de)(de)壽命周期也(ye)比鎳氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)或鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)長，生命周期約為700-1000。它們(men)非常(chang)適(shi)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)高輸出深度放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)。在不利方面，他(ta)們(men)有一(yi)個(ge)稱(cheng)為“記憶效應(ying)(ying)”的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)問題。也(ye)就是(shi)說，如(ru)果他(ta)們(men)在每次使用(yong)(yong)后(hou)沒有完全充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。會(hui)記憶最后(hou)一(yi)次僅剩電(dian)(dian)(dian)量的(de)(de)最大值，會(hui)縮短電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)壽命。它們(men)可(ke)以進行修復(fu)，但至少需要(yao)3個(ge)生命周期。使用(yong)(yong)鎳鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)好(hao)處是(shi)極端的(de)(de)溫度耐受(shou)性，深度放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能力。自松下(xia)收購三洋以來(lai)，優(you)質電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)供應(ying)(ying)量已(yi)經下(xia)降。松下(xia)已(yi)經停止生產幾種尺寸的(de)(de)鎳鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。因此，已(yi)停產的(de)(de)尺寸現在僅供中國(guo)制造(zao)商使用(yong)(yong)。這(zhe)是(shi)一(yi)種劣質電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。

鎳氫電池（NiHM）

鎳(nie)(nie)(nie)(nie)(nie)氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)比鎳(nie)(nie)(nie)(nie)(nie)鎘(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)具有(you)(you)更(geng)高的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)，并且(qie)(qie)比鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)更(geng)小(xiao)。它(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)量(liang)(liang)幾乎是(shi)鎳(nie)(nie)(nie)(nie)(nie)鎘(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)兩倍(bei)。它(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)有(you)(you)不明(ming)顯的(de)(de)(de)記憶(yi)效應。它(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種良好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)中溫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。您可(ke)以使用它(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)，通常(chang)在-5至95度(du)華(hua)氏度(du)，沒(mei)有(you)(you)任(ren)何不利的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)。它(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)具有(you)(you)良好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)深度(du)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)特(te)性(xing)(xing)，可(ke)儲存近兩倍(bei)的(de)(de)(de)鎳(nie)(nie)(nie)(nie)(nie)鎘(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)。它(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)命周(zhou)期通常(chang)低于(yu)鎳(nie)(nie)(nie)(nie)(nie)鎘(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，生(sheng)(sheng)命周(zhou)期為(wei)500-800次。它(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)特(te)性(xing)(xing)方面與鎳(nie)(nie)(nie)(nie)(nie)鎘(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)非常(chang)相似，并且(qie)(qie)比具有(you)(you)熱失控的(de)(de)(de)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)更(geng)安(an)全。鎳(nie)(nie)(nie)(nie)(nie)氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)更(geng)容(rong)易出(chu)現這樣的(de)(de)(de)情況，就(jiu)是(shi)當(dang)你一(yi)(yi)直給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，你會(hui)去(qu)使用它(ta)(ta)(ta)，它(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)就(jiu)會(hui)立刻消失。當(dang)你測試(shi)它(ta)(ta)(ta)時，會(hui)說它(ta)(ta)(ta)充(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。這是(shi)因為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)無法再保持電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)完整容(rong)量(liang)(liang)。鎳(nie)(nie)(nie)(nie)(nie)氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)比鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)更(geng)好(hao)(hao)地防止熱失控，但(dan)不如鎳(nie)(nie)(nie)(nie)(nie)鎘(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)好(hao)(hao)。它(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)具有(you)(you)與鎳(nie)(nie)(nie)(nie)(nie)鎘(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)類似的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全特(te)性(xing)(xing)，并且(qie)(qie)比鎳(nie)(nie)(nie)(nie)(nie)鎘(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)更(geng)適合(he)環境。鎳(nie)(nie)(nie)(nie)(nie)氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)用性(xing)(xing)非常(chang)好(hao)(hao)。一(yi)(yi)些制造商在許多國(guo)家生(sheng)(sheng)產它(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)。

鋰電池（lithium battery）

鋰電池以(yi)其(qi)(qi)巨大的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)量(liang)密度而聞(wen)名。它(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)(men)(men)能(neng)夠(gou)比(bi)任何傳統電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組每磅存(cun)儲更(geng)多能(neng)量(liang)。這(zhe)使得它(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)(men)(men)非(fei)常(chang)適用(yong)于便攜式電(dian)(dian)(dian)子產(chan)品，車輛等(deng)。它(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)(men)(men)沒有(you)(you)鎳鎘(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)所(suo)具有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)記(ji)(ji)憶(yi)效應，并且與鎳鎘(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)或鎳氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)相(xiang)比(bi)，它(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)(men)(men)在深度放電(dian)(dian)(dian)應用(yong)中表現(xian)最佳。在環(huan)境方面，它(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)(men)(men)比(bi)鎳鎘(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)更(geng)環(huan)保(bao)，因為它(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)(men)(men)不(bu)(bu)會(hui)(hui)污染(ran)水源。在極(ji)端溫度使用(yong)，鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)不(bu)(bu)是(shi)很好用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。-40攝(she)氏度時鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最大容(rong)量(liang)是(shi)其(qi)(qi)室溫容(rong)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)12％。安(an)(an)全(quan)是(shi)鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)另一個問題。所(suo)有(you)(you)鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)都(dou)必須通過(guo)(guo)集成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路進行控制(zhi)，以(yi)控制(zhi)輸入和輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。如果電(dian)(dian)(dian)路不(bu)(bu)存(cun)在，鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)可能(neng)會(hui)(hui)發生(sheng)熱失(shi)控。我相(xiang)信你們(men)(men)(men)(men)都(dou)聽說過(guo)(guo)筆記(ji)(ji)本電(dian)(dian)(dian)腦著火了。這(zhe)是(shi)熱失(shi)控的(de)(de)(de)(de)一個例子。另一個安(an)(an)全(quan)問題是(shi)水。在有(you)(you)水的(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境下，鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內(nei)部(bu)會(hui)(hui)極(ji)快地氧化（可能(neng)會(hui)(hui)爆(bao)炸）。鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)命周期約為400至750.鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)曲線非(fei)常(chang)特別。它(ta)(ta)(ta)可以(yi)處理大量(liang)輸入和輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，非(fei)常(chang)適合用(yong)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)動工(gong)具，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車輛，移(yi)動設備等(deng)。??鋰(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)可用(yong)性(xing)非(fei)常(chang)好。世界(jie)上(shang)有(you)(you)幾個地區可以(yi)開采它(ta)(ta)(ta)，在可預見的(de)(de)(de)(de)未來，定(ding)價(jia)應該(gai)是(shi)穩定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。并且具有(you)(you)靈活性(xing)。